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181

Often, the dispersing individuals are seeking vacant habitat to occupy. As a result, the distance they travel depends partly on the density of surrounding subpopulations and the availability of suitable unoccupied areas. The dispersal of individuals is a key feature in the dynamics of metapopulations (see Figure  8.8), where colonization involves the movement of individuals from occupied habitat patches (existing local populations) to unoccupied habitat patches to form new local populations. The role of dispersal and colonization in metapopulation dynamics is discussed further in Chapter 19 (Section 19.7). Unlike the one-way movement of animals in the processes of emigration and immigration, migration is a round trip. The repeated return trips may be daily or seasonal.

186-summary

Dispersal has the effect of shifting the spatial distribution of individuals and as a result the localized patterns of population density. Although the movement of individuals within the population results in a changing pattern of distribution and density through time, the primary factors driving the dynamics of population abundance are the
demographic processes of birth and death.

La dispersione può essere attiva o passiva, fuori o dentro una popolazione. La disppersione è un movimento di individui da una subpopolazione.
Le migrazioni periodiche possono essere giornaliere, annuali, ecc... e sono molto importanti per la conservazione.